{"id":18,"date":"2022-06-23T16:39:51","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T16:39:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sipa-centralasia.org\/?page_id=18"},"modified":"2022-09-09T10:27:24","modified_gmt":"2022-09-09T10:27:24","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sipa-centralasia.org\/ru\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0413\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle wp-block-ub-content-toggle-block\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-block-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" data-mobilecollapse=\"true\" data-desktopcollapse=\"true\" data-preventcollapse=\"false\" data-showonlyone=\"false\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-0-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f:<br><em>\u201c\u041a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e (\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430) \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sipa-centralasia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/image.png?resize=640%2C269&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-196\" width=\"640\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sipa-centralasia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/image.png?w=935&amp;ssl=1 935w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/sipa-centralasia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/image.png?resize=300%2C126&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a: \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f (2018), \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430? \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430, \u041c\u0411\u0420, \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u044f,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18235\/0001043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18235\/0001043<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-1-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u0426\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\n\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432; \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442,\n\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430; \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438\n\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0438\n\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-2-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438,\n\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0411\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-3-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0411\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\n\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\n\u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-4-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b, \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b,\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\n\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-5-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-5-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\n\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\n\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f,\n\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\n\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-6-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-6-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/strong>\u00a0\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c\n\u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c,\n\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b,\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion\" style=\"border-color: #f1f1f1; \" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-block-\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title-wrap\" style=\"background-color: #f1f1f1;\" aria-controls=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-7-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-title ub-content-toggle-title-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\" style=\"color: #000000; \"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-toggle-wrap right\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-state-indicator wp-block-ub-chevron-down\"><\/span><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"wp-block-ub-content-toggle-accordion-content-wrap ub-hide\" id=\"ub-content-toggle-panel-7-80003518-fbcb-419a-ab54-bfa6b393f6e7\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b,\n\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f: \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438,\n\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438,\n\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438, \u0421\u041c\u0418 \u0438\u043b\u0438\n\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/legalinstruments.oecd.org\/en\/instruments\/OECD-LEGAL-0460\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u042d\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432:<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","eq-blocks"],"featured_image_src":null,"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.9 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Here you will find definitions of key concepts and terms: Inter-American Development Bank definition of sustainable infrastructure:\u201cSustainable infrastructure refers to infrastructure projects that are planned, designed, constructed, operated, and decommissioned 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